Sustainable Development Goals

Waqf has historically played a vital role in advancing civilization, particularly within the Muslim world, yet its potential remains underexplored in contemporary business and social enterprise contexts. This study aims to investigate how waqf can be understood within business model frameworks and to provide a systematic mapping of its constructs in relation to social business. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the research identified and analyzed relevant studies on waqf and social business published between 1900 and 2024 in the Scopus and Crossref databases. The review classified the literature into four key business themes: capabilities, strategies, operations, and performance.…